Florida Sees Continued Rise in Leprosy Cases

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Florida Sees Continued Rise in Leprosy Cases

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Florida is experiencing an increase in reported cases of Hansen’s disease, commonly known as leprosy, with 19 cases confirmed statewide as of August 1, 2026. This follows a significant rise in 2025, when the state recorded 36 cases, the highest annual total since the Florida Department of Health began its modern disease database in 1992.

Central Florida has been identified as a particular area of focus, with earlier research suggesting that leprosy may be becoming an endemic disease process in parts of the region, meaning cases can originate there without international travel. Counties along the Interstate 4 corridor have also been singled out for attention.

Medical experts emphasize that leprosy remains rare and is difficult to contract. Approximately 95% of people have a natural immunity to the bacteria. Transmission typically requires prolonged, close contact with an untreated individual. However, one possible route of infection being investigated involves nine-banded armadillos, which are known carriers of the bacteria that causes Hansen’s disease. While health officials describe armadillo transmission as uncommon, researchers are also exploring whether the bacteria can temporarily persist in soil.

Symptoms of Hansen’s disease can include skin lesions, numbness, or tingling in the hands, feet, arms, or legs. The disease is curable with a combination of antibiotics, with treatment typically lasting one to two years. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications, such as nerve damage and disability. Health officials advise avoiding unnecessary contact with wild armadillos and seeking medical attention if unusual symptoms develop.

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